Living with Diabetes: Foot Checks

REDLANDS>> As Autumn sets in and we bundle up for the cold, it’s important to not forget one of the most important parts of our body underneath all of those layers: the feet. Many diabetic patients feel overwhelmed when it comes to managing their conditions that they over look their feet or simply do not know how to do a proper self-foot inspection. This guide is made to simplify that process to get those with diabetes in the habit of performing these checks daily. The first process is getting into a routine. Finding time throughout the day can be tough so it’s important to set a time everyday where you can start a routine of a quick check on your feet. Many patients check their feet when they are relaxing in the evening, watching television or reading a book. A foot check can be fit in during commercial breaks or while tea is steeping. If mobility is an issue and one cannot move their leg, using a full length mirror or handheld mirror can be maneuvered to provide a view of the entire foot. Pressure points can develop on the bottom of the foot and toes as well as behind the heel so these areas should be inspected daily. Get into a habit of going over the same areas daily to not overlook commonly missed locations. Common locations we see in our clinic that patients forget to check include the ends of toes, the outside of the heel, the toe interspaces, as well as back end of the heel. So what do you look for during a foot exam? The first would be any areas of increased pressure. Localized redness can be a clue that an area may be receiving too much pressure. Another giveaway is the formation of callus or corns on areas of the foot. Many patients believe calluses are protective, however in diabetic patients with decreased sensation to their feet calluses can lead to skin breakdown and underlying wounds. Inter spaces need to be checked for any signs of cracking or maceration, like one has been in the bath for too long. Over time, diabetes can lead to decreased perspiration of the feet, leading to cracking and making the feet more prone to infections. On the opposite spectrum, if the inter spaces become too moist maceration can develop and lead to problems as well. Finding a good balance is important and if one notices any of these signs they should see their doctor as soon as possible. Lastly, it’s important to note that foot checks should be performed more frequently if trying out a new pair of shoes or an increase in activity. If any warning signs should arise such as increased redness, dried blood under toenails or new callus formation new shoe gear or current offloading devices should be re-evaluated immediately. One should consult their doctor or orthotist prior to resuming use of these devices. Although it can be a bit overwhelming at first, get into the habit of performing self-foot checks. With time these checks become a force of habit, leading to healthy and happy feet for life.